إنَّ الصومَ تعبُّدٌ للهِ بالإمساكِ عنِ المفطراتِ مِنْ طلوعِ الفجرِ الصادقِ إلى غروبِ كامل قرص الشمسِ، والمفطراتُ هي الأكلُ والشربُ ونحوُ ذلكَ. فمن أكلَ أو شربَ في نهار رمضان متعمدًا بطلَ صومُهُ ويجبُ عليهِ التوبةُ إلى اللهِ والإمساكُ بقيةَ يومِهِ، ثم يقضي ما أفطرَهُ. وأما مَنْ أكلَ أو شربَ ناسيًا فلا حرجَ عليهِ وصومُهُ صحيحٌ.
Surely, fasting is a responsibility from Allah on the slaves by refraining from every mufattir, which is whatever invalidates the fast, from the break of the true dawn until the complete setting of the disk of the sun. The “mufattir” is eating, drinking and the likes of that. So, whoever intentionally ate or drank during the daytime of Ramadan, his fast is invalidated. He is obligated to repent to Allah, and he must continue refraining for the rest of the day. Then he makes up what he broke. As for whoever ate or drank forgetfully, there is no sin on him and his fast is valid.
ومثلُ الأكلِ والشربِ كذلك يجبُ على الصائمِ أن يكفَّ عن إدخالِ كلِّ ما لهُ جرمٌ إلى جوفِهِ مِنْ منفذٍ مفتوحٍ، فمن استعملَ القطرةَ متعمدًا في أنفهِ لا ناسيًا ومختارًا لا مكرهًا فجاوزتِ الخيشومَ وهو منتهى الأنفِ فإنهُ يَفسُدُ صومُهُ لقولِ النبيِّ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ الذي رواهُ الترمِذيُّ في سننهِ: "وبالِغْ في الاستنشاقِ إلا أن تكونَ صائمًا"، فقد نـهى عليهِ الصلاةُ والسلامُ عنِ المبالغةِ في الاستنشاقِ للصائمِ لئلا يصلَ الماءُ إلى حلقهِ وذلك يدلُّ على الإخلالِ بصيامهِ، كذلكَ استعمالُكَ الإبرَ في العضلِ لا يؤثرُ على صحةِ صيامِكَ.
And like eating and drinking, it is obligatory on the fasting person to abstain from inserting anything that has substance into his inner cavity through an open inlet. Therefore, whoever intentionally used something through his nose that breaks the fast, while not forgetting that he is fasting, and while choosing to do so and not forced, if it goes beyond the bridge of the nose, which is the extent of the nose, then his fast is invalidated. This is because of the saying of the Prophet ﷺ that is narrated by At-Tirmidhiyy: “Exaggerate when sniffing the water in wudu’, unless you were fasting.” He, ﷺ forbade exaggerating when sniffing the water while fasting so that the water does not go to one’s throat, and that is an indication of it being an invalidator of the fast. Accordingly, using a needle in your muscle does not affect the validity of your fast.
وأما الدواءُ الذي يستعملُهُ من أصيبَ بالربو فيُفسدُ الصومَ لأنّهُ وإن احتاجَ إليهِ ينفصلُ منهُ عينٌ تصلُ إلى الجوفِ، بخلافِ ما تتشرَّبُهُ المسامُّ مِنَ الدُّهنِ والكحلِ ونحوِ ذلكَ فلا يضرُّ.
And likewise, the medicine used by whoever has asthma invalidates the fast, because although he needs it, there separates from it a substance that reaches the inner cavity. That is different from what the pores absorb of oil and balms, and the kuhl in the eye, and the likes of that. Those do not invalidate the fast.
ومن مفسداتِ الصومِ الجماعُ، فمن جامعَ في نهارِ رمضانَ فسدَ صومُهُ، ويجبُ عليهِ أن يتوبَ إلى اللهِ ويُمسِكَ بقيةَ يومِهِ، ثم يقضي هذا اليومَ الذي جامع فيه و عليه مع القضاء الكفارة.
And among the invalidators of fasting is sexual intercourse, so whoever had intercourse during the daytime of Ramadan invalidated his fast. It would be obligatory on him to repent to Allah, to refrain for the rest of the day, and to make up this day in which he had sexual intercourse. Along with making it up, he also has an expiation to fulfill.
ومن المفسداتِ للصومِ الاستمناء وهو إنزالُ المنيِّ بمباشرة دونَ جماعٍ، أما من احتلمَ وهو نائمٌ في نهارِ رمضانَ فأنزلَ فإنه لا يُؤثرُ على صيامِهِ لأنّهُ بغيرِ اختيارِه وإنما يجبُ عليهِ الاغتسالُ.
And among the invalidators of fasting is masturbation, which is to cause the ejaculated fluid to exit by physical contact less than intercourse. As for whoever had a wet dream during the daytime of Ramadan, this does not affect his fast, because that was not by his will. In this case, he is only obligated to perform a ghusl.
ومن المفسداتِ الاستقاءةُ فمن قاءَ بطلبٍ منهُ بنحوِ إدخالِ إصبعِهِ أو إدخالِ نحوِ ريشةٍ فإِنَّهُ يُفطرُ مع العلمِ بالتحريمِ وذِكرِ الصَّومِ وعدمِ الإكراهِ سواءٌ عادَ منَ القىءِ إلى الجوفِ شىءٌ أم لا، أمَّا إذا شَخْصٌ تَقَيَّأَ رَغْمًا عَنْهُ فصيامُهُ صحيحٌ إلا إِذا بَلَعَ شيئًا مِنَ القَىءِ عَمْدًا أو بَلَعَ الرِّيقَ الْمُتَغَيِّرَ عمدًا فإنه يُفطرُ، روى أبو داودَ أنَّ النبيَّ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ قالَ: "مَنْ ذرعَهُ القىءُ -أي غلبَهُ- وهو صائمٌ فليسَ عليهِ قضاءٌ ومَنِ استقاءَ فليقضِ".
And among the invalidators is intentional vomiting. So, whoever sought to vomit by something like inserting his finger or a feather, he breaks the fast if he knows that this is forbidden, remembers that he is fasting, and was not forced. This is the case whether some of the vomit was swallowed back down into his cavity or not. As for if a person vomited without will, his fast is valid unless he intentionally swallows any of the vomit back, or any of the saliva changed by the vomit; that would invalidate the fast. Abu Dawud narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said “Whoever was overcome by vomit while fasting, there is no make-up due on him, and whoever forced himself to vomit, then let him make it up.”
ومن موانعِ صحةِ الصومِ الحيضُ والنفاسُ، فالحائضُ والنفساءُ تفطرانِ مدةَ الحيضِ والنفاسِ وجوبًا، ولا يجوزُ لهما الصيامُ، ولا يصحُّ منهما، وتقضيانِ ما أفطرتا فيهما من أيامِ الحيضِ والنفاسِ.
And among what prevents the validity of the fast is menstrual and postpartum bleeding. Therefore, the women experiencing menstrual or postpartum bleeding must not fast for the duration of the bleeding, and that is obligatory. It is not permissible for them to fast, nor is it valid for them, and they must make-up what they broke during the days of menses and postpartum bleeding.
كما أنَّ مِنْ شروطِ الصيامِ الإمساكَ أي كفَّ النفسِ عن الردَّةِ - أي عن قطعِ الإسلامِ والعياذُ باللهِ تعالى منها - جميعَ النَّهارِ، فمن ارتدَّ ولو لحظةً مِنَ النَّهارِ بطلَ صومُهُ سواءٌ كانَ كفرُهُ بالقولِ كَسَبِّ اللهِ تعالى أو بوصفِ اللهِ بصفةٍ منْ صفاتِ البشرِ، أو بالفعلِ كالدَّوْسِ على المصحفِ، أو بالاعتقادِ كاعتقادِ أنَّ اللهَ جسمٌ أو أنَّهُ يُشْبِهُ شيئًا مِنَ المخلوقاتِ فهذا لا صيامَ لهُ، ويلزمُهُ الرجوعُ فورًا إلى الإسلامِ بالنُّطْقِ بالشَّهادَتَيْنِ «أشهدُ أن لا إلهَ إلا اللَّهُ وأشهدُ أنَّ محمدًا رسولُ اللَّهِ» كما يلزمهُ الإمساكُ عن المفطراتِ باقي النهارِ وقضاءُ هذا اليومِ فورًا بعد يوم عيد الفطر المبارك.
Also, among the conditions of fasting is refraining from apostasy for the entire daytime, which is cutting off one’s Islam, may Allah protect us. Whoever apostatized for even a moment during the daytime would have their fast nullified, whether the blasphemy was by a saying, like insulting Allah or attributing to Him the attributes of humans; by a doing, like stepping on the Book of the Qur’an; or a conviction, like believing that Allah is a body, or that He resembles the creation. Fasting is invalid for this person, and he is obligated to immediately return to Islam by uttering the two Shahadahs: “I testify that no one is God except Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” He is also obligated to refrain from the other invalidators of the fast for the rest of the daytime, and to make up this day immediately after the blessed ^Id.
فاتقوا اللهَ عبادَ اللهِ، وحافظوا على صيامِكم مِنَ المفسداتِ، فقد جعلَ اللهُ لكمُ الليلَ لتناولِ ما تحتاجونَ إليهِ أو تشتهونَهُ مما أباحَ اللهُ لكم، أما النهارُ فاحفظوهُ بالصيامِ.
So, fear Allah, O slaves of Allah, and protect your fast from the invalidators! Allah has made the night for you to engage in what you need or desire of the things that Allah permitted for you. As for the daytime, reserve it for fasting.
اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لنا في شهرِ رمضانَ اللَّهُمَّ أعنا على ذكركَ وشكرِكَ وحسنِ عبادتِكَ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ.
O Allah! Bless us in the month of Ramadan. Allah! Enable us to remember You by heart and tongue, and to appreciate Your endowments, and to have goodness in worshiping! Our Lord! Accept our worships from us. Surely, You are As-Sami^u-l-^Alim (All-Hearing, All-Knowing).